Definition of Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease in which a lot of sugar is mixed in the urine, and is caused by a lack of insulin, a hormone protein that controls carbohydrate metabolism, or the function of the pancreas that secretes it is broken. Currently, according to the Health Insurance Corporation, the number of diabetes patients in Korea was 3.03 million in 2018. If you do not know that you are diabetic and include hidden patients, the Korean Diabetes Association believes that the number of diabetic patients will reach 5 million, or 10% of the total population. In other words, 2 million people live without knowing that they are diabetic. Diabetes has no special pain or symptoms until terrifying complications appear and is often diagnosed late. In the case of young people, they are often diagnosed with diabetes after going to the hospital due to their thirst, weight loss, and continuous hunger and chronic fatigue. Diabetes is on the rise in both men and women, so you should take care of it with constant interest from a young age. The diagnostic criteria for diabetes can be diagnosed by blood tests if glycated hemoglobin is more than 6.5% or 8 hours fasting blood sugar is more than 126 hours, or if blood sugar is more than 200 after 2 hours of 75g oral load test, or if there are typical symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, next, unexplained weight loss, etc. The goal of treating diabetes is to prevent complications. Diabetes is often neglected because there are no initial self-awareness symptoms except for a very severe hyperglycemic condition. In the future, it causes chronic complications such as blindness, hemodialysis, foot or diabetic foot disease and lower extremity amputation, infection, and cardiovascular disease, thereby degrading the quality of life and increasing the mortality rate. Therefore, in the case of diabetes, constant management and treatment are required.
a representative symptom of diabetes
There are about four typical symptoms of diabetes. First of all, it is a phenomenon that you lose weight rapidly even if you are not on a diet. It is true that obesity is a risk factor for diabetes, but if diabetes is worsening, rapid weight loss can occur. This is because sugar, the energy source of the body, is not sent to cells but discharged into urine, causing energy depletion. Therefore, the amount of fat or protein stored in the body can be reduced and the weight can be reduced. Second, it is a case of tiredness and lethargy even if you sleep and sleep. This is also a symptom that occurs because sugar, which should be used as energy, is not properly used due to lack of insulin and continues to be discharged into urine. Even if you eat food, energy is not created, so you continue to feel tired, lethargic, and weak. Third, it is a symptom of increasing the frequency of urination and continuous thirst. In the average adult, the daily urine volume is about 1.5L. However, if you have diabetes, it is often over 3L. In addition, not only the amount but also the number of times increases, so people urinate more than 10 times a day. This is because as sugar escapes into urine, it attracts urine due to osmotic pressure. As the amount of urine discharged increases, the amount of water in the body decreases, the mouth becomes dry, the symptoms of thirst continue, and the amount of water intake increases, and this vicious cycle is repeated. Fourth, I just had a meal and I might be hungry again. This is because insulin action in the body does not occur properly, and sugar, the energy source, is not used properly and escapes to urine. Since sugar is not supplied properly to cells in the body, the human body is recognized as undernourished and requires more food. However, if the symptoms are severe, it may lead to diabetic coma due to decreased appetite, so be careful.
the prevention and treatment of diabetes
The general blood glucose control target for adult diabetic patients is recommended to be less than 6.5% to 7%. Blood sugar control goals are individualized according to individual conditions and accompanying diseases. Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average blood sugar in the last two to three months, and patients who have experienced severe hypoglycemia or have poor coping ability with hypoglycemia hold their blood sugar control more loosely. In general, it is recommended that healthy people adjust their fasting blood sugar target to 80 to 130 when measuring their own blood sugar, and their 2-hour blood sugar target to 180 or lower after meals. Proper exercise and diet should be done to relieve symptoms. It is necessary to exercise lightly for 10 to 20 minutes after meals. Likewise, a balanced diet is needed. It is good to find the right diet and proceed with the right diet. In general, most foods that raise blood sugar are determined. In general, carbohydrates can raise a lot of blood sugar, so the amount of rice or flour foods, snacks, sugar, and sweet foods are usually foods that can raise a lot of blood sugar. It is recommended to eat regular meals while eating carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which are the three major nutrients. It is advantageous to control diabetes to eat mixed grain rice, beans, and vegetables with a low sugar index. Exercise is recommended because it plays an important role in blood sugar control by reducing weight and insulin resistance. If you are a patient taking diabetes medicine, it is recommended to exercise after meals. In the case of exercise, it is recommended to exercise more than three times a week and for more than 30 minutes. The intensity of exercise is good enough to cause sweat when exercising for about 30 minutes.
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