Causes of Complications Hypertension, Symptoms and Treatment Methods
High blood pressure refers to a condition in which blood pressure is elevated due to various causes. Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure is the highest when the heart contracts and sends blood to arterial vessels, and the blood pressure at this time is called systolic blood pressure, and the blood pressure is the lowest when the heart increases and receives blood, and the blood pressure at this time is called diastolic blood pressure.
Causes of high blood pressure
Hypertension occurs understanding of neurotic factors by sympathetic nerves and somatic factors by Lenin-Angiotensin mechanism. However, heredity, smoking, and aging are factors that promote the induction of high blood pressure.
In most cases, more than 90% of high blood pressure is essential and the cause is unknown. The remaining 5-10% corresponds to secondary hypertension with a clear cause. Essential hypertension, which accounts for the majority of hypertension, is not caused by one cause. Various factors gather to cause high blood pressure, and among them, genetic factors are the most common, including aging, obesity, salty eating habits, lack of exercise, and stress.
Factors that cause high blood pressure
The first is the inheritance of cardiovascular disease.
Second, people with hyperlipidemia and diabetes are also likely to cause high blood pressure.
The third is often caused by older people after the age of 60.
The fourth is a common symptom among smokers.
Fifth, men and postmenopausal women often complain of hypertension.
Sixth, there is a drug factor. For example, taking oral contraceptives, anti-inflammatory drugs, or appetite suppressants can cause high blood pressure.
The seventh is the dietary factor. Excessive intake of fat and alcohol, and insufficient intake of K, Mg, and Ca are often causing high blood pressure.
Symptoms of high blood pressure
High blood pressure is often found accidentally during physical examinations or examinations because there are no clear symptoms. In most cases, hypertension is so asymptomatic that it is called a "silent death devil." Sometimes, if you visit a hospital because you have symptoms, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue may occur due to increased blood pressure. Symptoms due to hypertensive vascular diseases such as nosebleeds, hematuria, decreased vision, cerebrovascular disorders, and angina may appear. Secondary hypertension often results in symptoms of the causative disease.
If you have a headache, your blood pressure can go up. However, in most cases, blood pressure does not cause headaches, and blood pressure increases because of headaches. Therefore, if you have a headache, you should treat the headache before blood pressure.
It is often thought that blood pressure is high when the neck is stiff. However, excessive stress can stiffen the neck and cause blood pressure to rise. Therefore, when your neck is stiff, you should think about other causes first.
If high blood pressure persists, complications may occur by causing damage to human organs or causing atherosclerosis in coronary arteries and blood vessels in the brain. Complications of high blood pressure include heart symptoms such as heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, kidney symptoms such as neuropathy, renal failure, and uremia, decreased vision, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and coma.
Diagnosis of high blood pressure
It is difficult to diagnose high blood pressure by measuring blood pressure only once. If you can't sleep the day before the test or measure your blood pressure in a bad condition, you're more likely to have high blood pressure. Therefore, if the blood pressure measured for the first time is high, measure it at least twice more at 1-day intervals. As a result, if the diastolic blood pressure is greater than 90 mmHg or systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 mmHg, it is diagnosed as hypertension.
When measuring blood pressure, take a rest in a sitting position for at least 5 minutes and then measure with your arm at heart level. Avoid smoking or caffeine consumption within 30 minutes before measurement. Blood pressure is measured at least twice every two minutes to obtain an average value, and if the two records differ by more than 5 mmHg, measure it one more time. The most accurate way to diagnose high blood pressure is to conduct a 24-hour walking blood pressure monitoring test. If the 24-hour average systolic blood pressure is more than 135 mmHg or the 24-hour average diastolic blood pressure is more than 95 mmHg, it is diagnosed as hypertension.
Blood pressure usually occurs frequently in the elderly, so it is important to check for secondary hypertension if you are diagnosed with high blood pressure at a young age. Special blood tests are needed to identify endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism, Cushing's disease, and brown cell carcinoma. In addition, it is important to perform adrenal CT scans or abdominal ultrasound to distinguish cardiovascular abnormalities, adrenal tumors, and adrenal hypertrophy. In the case of secondary hypertension, treating the causative disease can cure it, so you must find the causative disease through examination.
If you are suspected of hypertension, urine test, hematocrit, blood sugar level, serum electrolyte, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, electrocardiogram, and chest X-ray are basically performed. We also examine kidney function and weigh to determine if there is swelling.
Treatment and precautions for high blood pressure
Recently, non-pharmaceutical therapy and drug therapy are performed together to treat high blood pressure. In the pre-hypertension stage, it is recommended to first perform non-pharmaceutical treatments such as weight control, diet therapy, and regular exercise. However, if you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, you must control your blood pressure normally using drugs. Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, so it is recommended to quit smoking.
There is something to note.
Since most hypertensive patients have complex risk factors, dietary therapy in hypertension is very important in managing hypertension.
Patients with high blood pressure should first try to correct their lifestyle habits such as weight control, salt intake restriction, and alcohol intake restriction. Especially, weight control is the most important. Overweight or obese patients should lose weight by performing a low calorie diet. This can reduce cardiovascular risk factors and increase the coercive effect of drug therapy. However, limiting the intake of calories can limit protein intake. As long as your kidney function is maintained normally, you should consume enough high-quality protein of 1 to 1.5g per kilogram of weight.
In addition, excessive alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for high blood pressure and stroke, and should be avoided as it weakens the effectiveness of drug therapy. It is also recommended to increase calcium intake, increase the percentage of fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, and ensure that caffeine is properly restricted.
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